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容器生命周期管理
docker run：创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令；docker start/stop/restart：启停容器;docker kill：杀掉运行中的容器；docker rm：删除一个或多个容器；docker pause/unpause：暂停或恢复容器中的所有进程；docker create：创建一个新的容器但不启动它；docker exec：在运行的容器中执行命令；docker update：更新一个或多个容器的配置；
运行容器
语法如下：
docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]Options: --add-host list Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip) (default []) -a, --attach list Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR (default []) --blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0) --blkio-weight-device weighted-device Block IO weight (relative device weight) (default []) --cap-add list Add Linux capabilities (default []) --cap-drop list Drop Linux capabilities (default []) --cgroup-parent string Optional parent cgroup for the container --cidfile string Write the container ID to the file --cpu-count int CPU count (Windows only) --cpu-percent int CPU percent (Windows only) --cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period --cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota --cpu-rt-period int Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds --cpu-rt-runtime int Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds -c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight) --cpus decimal Number of CPUs (default 0.000) --cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) --cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) --credentialspec string Credential spec for managed service account (Windows only) -d, --detach Run container in background and print container ID --detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container --device list Add a host device to the container (default []) --device-read-bps throttled-device Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a device (default []) --device-read-iops throttled-device Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device (default []) --device-write-bps throttled-device Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a device (default []) --device-write-iops throttled-device Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device (default []) --disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true) --dns list Set custom DNS servers (default []) --dns-option list Set DNS options (default []) --dns-search list Set custom DNS search domains (default []) --entrypoint string Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image -e, --env list Set environment variables (default []) --env-file list Read in a file of environment variables (default []) --expose list Expose a port or a range of ports (default []) --group-add list Add additional groups to join (default []) --health-cmd string Command to run to check health --health-interval duration Time between running the check (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 0s) --health-retries int Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy --health-timeout duration Maximum time to allow one check to run (ns|us|ms|s|m|h) (default 0s) --help Print usage -h, --hostname string Container host name --init Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes --init-path string Path to the docker-init binary -i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached --io-maxbandwidth string Maximum IO bandwidth limit for the system drive (Windows only) --io-maxiops uint Maximum IOps limit for the system drive (Windows only) --ip string Container IPv4 address (e.g. 172.30.100.104) --ip6 string Container IPv6 address (e.g. 2001:db8::33) --ipc string IPC namespace to use --isolation string Container isolation technology --kernel-memory string Kernel memory limit -l, --label list Set meta data on a container (default []) --label-file list Read in a line delimited file of labels (default []) --link list Add link to another container (default []) --link-local-ip list Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses (default []) --log-driver string Logging driver for the container --log-opt list Log driver options (default []) --mac-address string Container MAC address (e.g. 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33) -m, --memory string Memory limit --memory-reservation string Memory soft limit --memory-swap string Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap --memory-swappiness int Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100) (default -1) --name string Assign a name to the container --network string Connect a container to a network (default "default") --network-alias list Add network-scoped alias for the container (default []) --no-healthcheck Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK --oom-kill-disable Disable OOM Killer --oom-score-adj int Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000) --pid string PID namespace to use --pids-limit int Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited) --privileged Give extended privileges to this container -p, --publish list Publish a container's port(s) to the host (default []) -P, --publish-all Publish all exposed ports to random ports --read-only Mount the container's root filesystem as read only --restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits (default "no") --rm Automatically remove the container when it exits --runtime string Runtime to use for this container --security-opt list Security Options (default []) --shm-size string Size of /dev/shm, default value is 64MB --sig-proxy Proxy received signals to the process (default true) --stop-signal string Signal to stop a container, SIGTERM by default (default "SIGTERM") --stop-timeout int Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container --storage-opt list Storage driver options for the container (default []) --sysctl map Sysctl options (default map[]) --tmpfs list Mount a tmpfs directory (default []) -t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY --ulimit ulimit Ulimit options (default []) -u, --user string Username or UID (format: [: ]) --userns string User namespace to use --uts string UTS namespace to use -v, --volume list Bind mount a volume (default []) --volume-driver string Optional volume driver for the container --volumes-from list Mount volumes from the specified container(s) (default []) -w, --workdir string Working directory inside the container
例子：
# 使用镜像nginx:latest，以后台模式启动一个容器,将容器的80端口映射到主机的80端口,主机的目录/data映射到容器的/datadocker run -p 80:80 -v /data:/data -d nginx:latest
启停容器
语法如下：
# 启动已经被停止的容器docker start [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]Options: -a, --attach Attach STDOUT/STDERR and forward signals --detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container -i, --interactive Attach container's STDIN# 停止运行中的容器docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]Options: -t, --time int Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default 10)# 重启容器docker restart [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]Options: -t, --time int Seconds to wait for stop before killing the container (default 10)
杀掉容器
语法如下：
docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]Options: -s, --signal string Signal to send to the container (default "KILL")
删除容器
语法如下：
docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]Options: -f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL) -l, --link Remove the specified link -v, --volumes Remove the volumes associated with the container
暂停或恢复容器中所有的进程
语法如下：
# 暂停容器中所有的进程docker pause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]# 恢复容器中所有的进程docker unpause CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
创建一个新的容器但不启动它
语法同docker run。
在容器中执行命令
语法如下：
docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]Options: -d, --detach Detached mode: run command in the background --detach-keys string Override the key sequence for detaching a container -e, --env list Set environment variables (default []) --help Print usage -i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached --privileged Give extended privileges to the command -t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY -u, --user string Username or UID (format: [: ])
更新一个或多个容器的配置
语法如下：
docker update [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]Options: --blkio-weight uint16 Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and 1000, or 0 to disable (default 0) --cpu-period int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period --cpu-quota int Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota --cpu-rt-period int Limit the CPU real-time period in microseconds --cpu-rt-runtime int Limit the CPU real-time runtime in microseconds -c, --cpu-shares int CPU shares (relative weight) --cpuset-cpus string CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) --cpuset-mems string MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) --help Print usage --kernel-memory string Kernel memory limit -m, --memory string Memory limit --memory-reservation string Memory soft limit --memory-swap string Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to enable unlimited swap --restart string Restart policy to apply when a container exits
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